The present book explores in depth the changing pattern of Hindu-Muslim riots in Bengal between 1905 and 1947. For this purpose, a number of specific questions are examined: How did the simultaneous rise of upper-class communalism and mass communalism create the inevitable context for riots? Why did the class-based ideology underlying the riots in the initial stage later disappear and why did the communal character of the riots become evident? And how did the riots ultimately spread communal sentiments at various levels of society and state administration, which prepared the crucial background for the partition of Bengal? At the same time, it is emphasized that the development of separatist politics in Bengal was not uniform, although in the final stage the mainstream of Indian nationalism failed to retain a section of Bengali Muslims within its own fold. The present book will help to better understand the issue of communal identity in the history of modern India. Suranjan Das, currently the Vice-Chancellor of Adamas University, Kolkata. He has also served as the Vice-Chancellor of two of India's top universities, namely Calcutta University and Jadavpur University. Professor Das is also an Honorary Professor at the University of Exeter, UK. A D. Phil. from Oxford University, Professor Das is an expert in South Asian history and politics. He has written six monographs. He has contributed as co-author of five books, and has edited and co-edited ten books. So far, thirty-six of his articles have appeared in various notable newspapers, journals and anthologies. He has also been associated with research projects funded by international organizations such as the Wellcome Trust, Leverhulme Foundation, Friedrich Stiftung and the British Council. Professor Das has had the opportunity to teach and conduct research at several international institutions. He has made significant contributions as a member of the government delegation to international education conferences. He has also worked in Indian higher education policy-making bodies. He is also a member of the Governing Council/Educational Advisory Board of several leading higher education institutions in India.